Босния и Герцеговина Демографическая пирамида

Population Pyramid and Demographic Trends of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in transition from a "mature" to an "aging" population structure. Examining the pyramid's shape, the proportion of young people (15 years and under) is relatively declining, while the middle-aged population (30s-50s) is becoming thicker, and the elderly population (65 years and over) is increasing rapidly. In particular, the population outflow caused by conflicts in the 1990s and low birth rates have significantly influenced the formation of this composition.

The most notable characteristic of demographic trends is rapid population aging accompanied by declining birth rates. Due to declining birth rates and outward migration of youth, the proportion of working-age population (15-64 years) continues to decline. Meanwhile, through increased life expectancy and aging, the proportion of people aged 65 and over is steadily rising, and it is projected that the country will become one of Europe's most aged societies by 2040.

Serious socioeconomic impacts are anticipated. The decline in workforce will lead to slower economic growth, and the burden on pension and healthcare systems will increase. Additionally, brain drain (outward migration of young talent) raises concerns about shortages of highly skilled personnel, stagnation in entrepreneurship, and technological development. In response to these challenges, consideration of immigration policies, improvement in labor productivity, and ensuring the sustainability of social security systems have become urgent priorities.