Kuba Piramida Penduduk

Cuba's Population Pyramid and Demographic Characteristics

Cuba's population composition exhibits "mature-type" or "aging-type" characteristics with relatively advanced aging within the Latin American region. The pyramid's shape is nearly inverted triangle-like, with a narrow base and a relatively broad upper portion, reflecting a high-aging pattern similar to developed countries.

As a major demographic trend, marked low fertility stands out. Cuba's total fertility rate is around 1.6, significantly below the Latin American average of 2.0, and is at a low level globally. While the birth rate was high immediately after the 1960s revolution, it has consistently declined thereafter. Simultaneously, with increased life expectancy, the proportion of the elderly population aged 65 and over exceeds 20%, and rapid aging is underway.

These changes in population structure present serious challenges to Cuba's society and economy. Concerns include economic growth slowdown due to declining working-age population, and fiscal strain from increased social security and healthcare expenditures. Additionally, population outflow due to youth emigration accelerates population decline, and sustaining economic development and maintaining the social security system have become important issues going forward.